Efficacy temu lawak

With the financial crisis, people are encouraged to re-use of traditional medicines are virtually free from imported components. One is the rhizome of ginger has been known by our ancestors since time immemorial. So far, it has been many studies conducted by both Indonesia and the scientists are foreign scientists to prove the efficacy of ginger, but because there are no pendokumentasiaan an integrated system, so not all the results of these studies can be accessed by the general public. Here we present summaries of publications about the efficacy of ginger from the years 1980-1997 are sourced from foreign scientific works and scientific works collection of WWII-LIPI Indonesia. Of course there is still scientific work that Indonesia has not been covered in this paper, including thesis research from universities that are not available in the collection of WWII-LIPI. Nevertheless, we hope this literature review can help scientists to follow the development of cutting-edge science and technology.
To determine the efficacy of ginger, has done several ways of testing, both in vitro, animal tests and clinical trials on humans. From the results of research that has been done, that most of the test against animal experiments, while testing on humans is still relatively rare.

Analgesic effect Yamazaki (1987, 1988a) reported that methanol extracts of ginger administered orally in mice, is expressed can suppress pain caused by acetic acid administration. Furthermore, Yamazaki (1988b) and Ozaki (1990) proved that germakron is the active substance in turmeric that serves suppress the pain.
Anthelmintic effect Infusion of ginger, black retrieval and combination of both in urea molasses blocks can reduce the number of eggs per gram of feces in infected sheep worm Haemonchus contortus (Bendryman et al. 1996).
Antibacterial / antifungal Ether extract of ginger was reported that in vitro can inhibit the growth of fungi Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Trichophytol violaceum (Oehadian et al. 1985). Xanthorrhiza Curcuma essential oils also inhibited the growth of the fungus Candida albicans, while curcuminoid xanthorrhiza Curcuma has a weak inhibitory power (Oei 1986a).
Antidiabetic effects Research Yasni et al. (1991) reported that ginger may improve symptoms of diabetes in mice, such as: growth retardation, hyperphagia, polydipsia, high glucose and triglycerides in serum, and reduce the formation of arachidonic linoleic acid in liver phospholipids. Especially ginger alter the amount and composition of fecal bile acids.
Effect antihepatotoksik Giving steeping ginger rhizome of 400, 800 mg / kg for 6 days and 200, 400 and 800 mg / kg in mice for 14 days, can reduce the activity of serum GPT-hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol or paracetamol necrosis area narrowed significantly. Antihepatotoksik power depends on the size of dose and duration of administration (Donatus and Suzana 1987).
Anti-inflammatory effects

Oei (1986b) reported that essential oil of Curcuma xanthorrhiza in vitro has a weak anti-inflammatory power. While Ozaki (1990) reported that anti-inflammatory effect was caused by the presence of germakron. Furthermore, Claeson et al. (1993) managed to isolate three types of non-phenolic compounds diarylheptanoid of ginger rhizome extract, namely: trans-trans-1 ,7-diphenyl-1, 3,-heptadien-4-on (alnuston); trans1 ,7-diphenyl-1- hepten-5-ol, and trans, trans-1 ,7-diphenyl-1, 3,-heptadien-5-ol. All three compounds are stated to have significant anti-inflammatory effect on mice.
Effect of antioxidants Jitoe et al. (1992) measured the antioxidant effects of nine types of rhizome-finding meeting with Thiosianat methods and methods of Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) in water-alcohol systems. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of ginger extract was greater than the activity of three types of expected curcuminoid contained in ginger. So, apparently there are other substances besides the three curcuminoid those that have the effect of antioxidants. Furthermore, Masuda et al. (1992) succeeded in isolating the new curcumin analogues of ginger rhizome, namely: 1 - (4-hydroxy-3 ,5-dimetoksifenil) -7 - (4 hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) - (1E. 6E.) -1.6 - heptadien-3 ,4-dione. This compound turned out to show antioxidant effects against auto-oxidation of linoleic acid in water-alcohol system.
Antitumor effect Itokawa et al. (1985) succeeded in isolating four bisabolan sesquiterpenoid compounds of ginger rhizome, namely-kurkumen, ar-turmeron,-atlanton and xanthorrizol. Most of these substances is an antitumor compounds against sarcoma 180 ascites in mice. Antitumor effectiveness of such compounds include: (+++) for kurkumen, (+ +) for ar-turmeron, and (+ +) for xanthorrizol. Meanwhile, Yasni (1993b) reported that administration of ginger can activate T cells and B cells that function as a medium in the immune system in mice.
Ahn et al. (1995) reported that ar-turmeron contained in ginger can extend life to mice infected with S-180 cancer cells. Components showed a synergistic cytotoxic activity with sesquifelandren isolated from the same plant by 10-fold against L1210 cells. In addition, curcumin is strengthening the other cytotoxic drugs such as siklofosfamida, MeCCNU, aurapten, adriamycin, and vincristine.
Suppressive effect of the central nervous Research Yamazaki et al. (1987, 1988a) suggest that the extract of the rhizome temu lawak it has the effect of extending the period of sleep caused by pento barbital. Subsequently proved that the (R )-(-)- xantorizol is an active substance that caused the effects by inhibiting the activity of cytochrome P 450. Xantorizol addition, it turns out germakron contained in the extract of ginger also has the effect to extend the period of sleep (Yamazaki 1988b). Giving germakron 200 mg / kg orally in mice is expressed can suppress hyperactivity induced by metamfe-vitamins (3 mg / kg ip). Further stated that the administration of 750 mg / kg orally germakron in mice did not show any lethal toxicity (Yamazaki 1988b).
The effect of diuretics Wahjoedi Research (1985) states that the decoction of ginger at a dose equivalent to 1x and 10x the usual dose of the diuretic effect of white mice have approximately half of the potential of HCT (hydrochlorothiazide) 1.6 mg / kg.
Hypolipidemic effect The use of ginger as a beverage in cattle female rabbits showed that there is no body fat on the carcass and fatty tissue around the reproductive organs (Soenaryo 1985). The research Yasni et al. (1993a) reported that ginger lowers the concentration of triglise pleasure and serum phospholipids, cholesterol, liver, and increase serum HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1, in mice fed a diet free koles-terol. As in mice with high cholesterol diet, ginger did not hit the high serum cholesterol while lowering the liver cholesterol. In that study reported that curcuminoid derived from ginger did not have a noticeable effect on serum fat and fatty liver, it was concluded that ginger contains active substances that can alter curcuminoid other than fat and lipoprotein metabolism. Next Yasni et al. (1994) proved that kurkumen is one of the active substance which has the effect of lowering triglyceride levels in mice by suppressing the synthesis of fatty acids.
Meanwhile, Suksamrarn et al. (1994) reported that two diarilheptanoid phenolic compounds isolated from ginger rhizome, namely: 5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-(1E)-1-hepten and 7 - (3, 4-dihidroksifenil) -5-hydroxy-1-phenyl-(1E)-1-hepten, clearly shows hypolipidemic effect by inhibiting the liver triglyceride secretion in rats.
Ginger efficacy trials carried out by Santosa et al. (1995). of the 33 patients with chronic hepatitis. During 12 weeks, each patient received 3 times daily one capsule containing curcumin and oil to evaporate. Monitoring results showed that the serological data (GOT, GPT, GGT, AP) of 68-77% of patients showed a decrease tendency to normal values ​​and serum total bilirubin level of 48% of patients also declined. Complaints of nausea / vomiting suffered by patients reported missing. Symptoms of the digestive tract felt lost by 43% of patients while the rest still feel insistence of these symptoms, including 70% of patients who felt the loss of appetite.
Effect hipotermik Ginger infusion showed a decrease in body temperature of mice perco Baan (Pudji astuti 1988). Research Yamazaki et al. (1987, 1988a) showed that the methanol extract of ginger rhizome has a lowering effect on rectal temperature of rats. Subsequently proved that germakron identified as the active ingredient in ginger rhizome that causes effects such hipotermik (Yamazaki 1988b).
Effects of insecticides Pandji et al. (1993) investigated the effects of insecticide four types of rhizomes of Zingiberaceae species, namely: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, C. zedoaria, Kaempferia galanga and K. pandurata. Seventeen of the largest components including flavonoids, sesquiterpenoid, and cinnamic acid derivatives was isolated and identified using NMR and Mass spectra. All components tested its toxicity against Spodoptera littoralis larvae. In residue contact bioassay, it appears that xantorizol and furanodienon is the most active sesquiterpenoid compounds showed toxicity against the larvae of the newborn, but the effect is not apparent toxicity when given with food. Further reported that an extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza larvasida have any effect on the larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti third instar (Wibowo et al. 1995).
Other effects Interviews with 100 female respondents indicate that the use of ginger farmers can improve the work system that controls the hormonal metabolism of carbo hydrates and in particular lactic acid, improve organ physiology, and improve fertility (Soenaryo 1985).
Components contained in the properties of ginger have expressed koleretik (Oei 1986a; Siegers et al 1997). Wild Ginger is reported to have the effect of reducing expenditure in a rat feces (Wahyoedi 1980). Ginger extract showed no toxic effects. To turn off Libistes reticulatus required xanthorrhiza Curcuma extract in large doses (Rahayu et al. 1992).
Ginger infusion can otherwise increase the white rat uterine contraction (Damayanti et al. 1995), can increase contraction tonus guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle (Damayanti et al. 1996), can increase the frequency of heart contractions turtle (Damayanti et al. 1997), and can increase glucose absorption in rat small intestine (Halima et al. 1997)
Several studies have been conducted to prove the efficacy of curcumin which is one of the active substances contained in ginger, but our discussion will be presented on other occasions.
Patent Oei Ban Liang achievements of Indonesia together with PT Daria Varia Laboratoria need to boast. They have been successfully patented an anti-inflammatory ingredient contains a combination of active substances isolated from Curcuma sp. in Europe with No.: 440 885. Meanwhile, in Japan, Yamazaki et al. germakron has patented the active substances contained in ginger, as central nervous system suppressant in Japan with a number: 89,139,527. Preparations in the form of granules that contain germakron and mannitol with binders hidroksipropilselulose 10% in ethanol.
In 1995, Imaisumi from Suntory Ltd.. Japan has patented kurkumen foods that contain the active substance is derived from the rhizome of ginger with the patent number 07 20, 149, 628. Stated that these foods can increase fat metabolism, and in vivo can reduce liver and serum triglycerides in mice. As Tanaka et al. of the company Shiseido in Japan, recently, which was in 1997, successfully patented cosmetics to the skin with the number 09 20, 635. Cosmetics containing ginger extract was declared effective as forming melanin or tyrosinase inhibitors.
Cover From the text above it is known that ginger has various properties, namely as: analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antiinflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, antioxidant, antitumor, depressant, diuretic, hipotermik, hypolipidemic, insecticides, and others. Efficacy of ginger has been proven through modern science techniques by scientists both within and outside the country. Hopefully with this kind of writing we are more encouraged scientists to develop traditional medicines, so it does not lag as compared with foreign scientists. For more information or ordering the full article, please contact the WWII-LIPI. quoted from